Supreme Court’s Conditional Nod to Green Crackers
In a major development ahead of Diwali, the Supreme Court on Wednesday allowed the use of green crackers in Delhi and the adjoining National Capital Region (NCR). The apex court observed that the ban on firecrackers had not fully stopped their use, as conventional and more harmful variants continued to be smuggled into the region during festivals. The court emphasized that while public sentiment surrounding Diwali festivities must be respected, environmental and health concerns cannot be ignored.
A bench of Chief Justice of India BR Gavai and Justice K Vinod Chandran said the decision seeks to strike a balance between the industry’s interests and the health of citizens, especially the elderly, children, and those with respiratory ailments. “Sadly, it is the rampant use by the general public, without awareness of its ill effects, that causes the problem,” the court observed.
Why the Supreme Court Changed Its Stance
The court noted that despite earlier bans, firecrackers continued to be smuggled from outside Delhi NCR, causing greater damage than regulated green crackers. It observed that the ban had been difficult to enforce, leading to unmonitored use of traditional crackers, which release higher levels of toxic pollutants.
“Smuggled crackers cause more harm than the green crackers developed under controlled conditions,” the bench said, calling the current order a temporary measure designed to test the feasibility of regulated use. It added that while the enthusiasm for celebration is understandable, the safety and well-being of the public must take precedence.
Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, representing the Centre, urged the court to reconsider the total ban, arguing that industries manufacturing eco-friendly firecrackers have developed less polluting alternatives. The court, however, made it clear that the relaxation applies only to certified green crackers and under strictly monitored conditions.
Timings and Enforcement Measures
The Supreme Court directed that bursting of green crackers be allowed only between 6:00 AM to 7:00 AM and 8:00 PM to 10:00 PM on two specific days — the day before Diwali and Diwali day itself. District administrations and police departments in Delhi, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan have been instructed to ensure compliance.
Pollution control bodies were also ordered to monitor the Air Quality Index (AQI) during this period and submit detailed reports to the court. If any manufacturer is found producing or selling fake green crackers, their license will be immediately cancelled. The bench made it clear that no crackers from outside the NCR region will be allowed.
Concerns From Neighbouring States
The court acknowledged submissions made by several states, including Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, where a significant portion of districts fall within the NCR zone. The Haryana government argued that nearly 70 percent of its districts are impacted by the firecracker ban, affecting both livelihoods and festive sentiments. The court said it had taken these concerns into account while deciding to permit green crackers in moderation.
The Amicus Curiae, Aparajita Singh, meanwhile, cautioned that even green crackers emit harmful ultrafine particles and gases. The bench said her submissions, though “a lone voice,” were of “utmost significance” as they highlight the potential health hazards of unchecked cracker use.
Delhi Government Welcomes the Verdict
Reacting to the decision, Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta welcomed the Supreme Court’s order, calling it a “balanced and progressive judgment.” She said, “This ruling respects public sentiments and excitement for festivals like Diwali, while also safeguarding the environment. The Delhi government remains committed to the pledge of a clean and green Delhi.”
She further urged citizens to celebrate responsibly, stating that festivals should remain “radiant yet respectful of nature.” The Delhi Pollution Control Committee is expected to release guidelines soon on how citizens can identify authentic green crackers and purchase them from licensed vendors only.
A Balancing Act Between Celebration and Sustainability
The Supreme Court’s decision reflects a nuanced approach to a long-standing debate — preserving cultural traditions while combating India’s recurring pollution crisis. With the city’s air quality often slipping into the “hazardous” category post-Diwali, this ruling aims to minimize the environmental impact without completely curbing festive joy.
While the use of green crackers is now temporarily permitted, experts caution that real progress depends on public awareness and strict enforcement. The next few days will determine whether this controlled allowance can indeed balance celebration with sustainability.
